Spheniscus = banded penguins

African en Magellan have both a broad white band from above the eyes, over the cheeks to the throat.
They both have a pink spot above the eyes

On the African penguin, these is connected with the second broad black band that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts, but on the Magellan this are two separated bands.

Furthermore the Magellan has longer flippers (like the Humboldt)

The African and Humboldt differ from each other through :

• the width of the white band on the head
• pink spot around their beak
• Humboldt has longer flippers and is heavier
  

Similarity : two bands connected like one

Magellan and Galapagos differ from each other through :

• the width of the white band on the head
• pink spot around their beak
• the Magellan is taller (about 60 cm) while the Galapagos is 40 à 50 cm

Similarity: two, through a black band, separated white bands

Humboldt and Galapagospenguin have both a small white band from above the eyes, over the cheeks to the throat.
On the Humboldt penguin, these is connected with the second broad black band that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their front, but on the Galapagos it's separated by a black band


Both have a broad pink spot under their beak